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Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Preface; About the companion website; CHAPTER 1: Introduction; 1.1 A historical background to metal aquatic chemistry; 1.2 Historical problems with metal measurements in environmental media; 1.3 Recent advances in aquatic metal analysis; References; Problems; CHAPTER 2: An introduction to the cycling of metals in the biosphere; 2.1 The hydrologic cycle; 2.2 An introduction to the global cycling of trace metal(loid)s; 2.2.1 The sources and cycling of metal(loid)s in the biosphere; 2.2.2 Metal(loid) partitioning and solubility in natural waters.

2.2.3 Human influence over metal(loid) fate and transport2.2.4 Trace metal(loid) inputs to the atmosphere; 2.2.5 Metal(loid)s in the terrestrial environment and freshwater ecosystems; 2.2.6 The transport of metal(loid)s to the ocean; 2.2.7 Trace metal(loid)s in ocean waters; 2.2.8 Trace metal(loid) inputs from hydrothermal vents; 2.3 Global cycles of some important trace metals; 2.3.1 The global cycles of cadmium, copper, and zinc; 2.3.2 The global cycle of mercury and lead; 2.4 Chapter summary; References; Problems.

CHAPTER 3: Chemical thermodynamics and metal(loid) complexation in natural waters3.1 Thermodynamic background for understanding trace metal(loid) complexation; 3.1.1 The relationship between free energy and the equilibrium constant; 3.1.2 Ionic strength effects; 3.1.3 Thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetics and steady state; 3.2 Bonding, electronic configuration, and complex formation; 3.2.1 Ligand Field Theory; 3.2.2 Thermodynamic effects of orbital splitting; 3.2.3 Inorganic chemistry and complexation of transition metals.

3.2.4 Inorganic chemistry and complexation of non-transition metals and metalloids3.3 Complexation of metals in solution; 3.3.1 Inorganic complexation; 3.3.2 An approach to determining metal(loid) speciation in solution; 3.3.3 The chemistry and speciation of metal-binding ligands; 3.3.4 The complexation of the major ions in solution; 3.3.5 Metal complexation with low molecular weight organic ligands; 3.3.6 Complexation to large molecular weight organic matter; 3.4 Trace metal interactions with the solid phase; 3.4.1 Precipitation and dissolution; 3.4.2 Adsorption of metals to aqueous solids.

3.4.3 Dissolved-particulate partition coefficients3.4.4 Adsorption isotherms; 3.4.5 A complexation-based model for adsorption; 3.5 Redox transformations and thermodynamic calculations; 3.5.1 Electrochemistry and the equilibrium constant; 3.5.2 The range in electrode potential and the stability of water; 3.5.3 Equilibrium calculations involving redox reactions; 3.5.4 Environmental considerations and controlling reactions; 3.6 Chapter summary; References; Problems; CHAPTER 4: Modeling approaches to estimating speciation and interactions in aqueous systems; 4.1 Introduction.